It was concluded from the article that it could be argued that many translation theories are based on two opposing ways of translating. Translation equivalence international journal of humanities and. Four bible translation types and some criteria to distinguish them 3 3. Jakobson was one of the few early theorists who avoided the. Although this concept is defined in terms of the relations between source and target texts by some scholars such as nida and jacobson, there are also some scholars, such as. Natural and directional equivalence in theories of translation. Nida argued that there are two different types of equivalence, namely formal. The notion of equivalence in translation has become a central issue since 1960s. However, the concept of translation equivalence is sometimes distorted, and, perhaps, this is why some people deny its validity and necessity. The terms dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, coined by eugene nida, are associated with two dissimilar translation approaches that are employed to achieve different levels of literalness between the source text and the target text, as evidenced in biblical translation the two have been understood basically, with dynamic equivalence as senseforsense translation translating the.
A continuous concomitant of contact between two mutually incomprehensible languages and one that does not lead either to suppression or extension of either is translation. This article reports on a descriptive translation study that attempts to examine. General theory of translation, whose object is general notions typical of translation from any language. Consequently, catford distinguishes between two types of equivalence. Equivalence, also called equivalence of propositions, in logic and mathematics, the formation of a proposition from two others which are linked by the phrase if, and only if. Extensive research has been done in the field of translation strategies. Translational equivalence is the similarity between a word or expression in one language and its translation in another. It is, therefore, no unique type of equivalence in the. This similarity results from overlapping ranges of reference. It is a strict form of type compatibility compatibility without coercion.
This concept could be abstract or concrete, it could refer to a. Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. There is no adequate research about the topic of equivalence texts in translation. British indexers, simulated indexing tasks with five articles and finnish versus british thesaurus. Regardless of the approach one uses in the study of translating and translations, it remains necessary to delimit the legitimate field of concern. This pdf article, published in 1993, deals with the challenge of. The four translation types proposed and compared 5. The concept of equivalence in translation one hour. Equivalence is not a set of criteria which translations.
Please read and accept the terms and conditions and check the box to generate a sharing link. Translation article entitled equivalence in translation. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are. Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its definition, relevance, and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused heated controversy, and many different theories of the concept of equivalence have been elaborated within this field in the past fifty years. This paper examines types of nonequivalences in the kikamba bible translation. One example of such a study is that of walker et al. Index termsequivalence, translation theories, sourcelanguage, targetlanguage. As soon as two users of different languages need to. Translation is the communication of the meaning of a sourcelanguage text by means of an equivalent targetlanguage text. From the linguistic and texttheoretical perspective this objective is fulfilled by the concept of equivalence. It makes note of the continuum between a literal translation at one end and an idiomatic one at the other end. It explains, with examples, vinays and darbelnets direct and oblique translation procedures, houses overt and covert translations, jakobsons three types of equivalence, nidas. As a kind of communication, the main purpose is nothing but to establish equivalence between the source text and the target text. Information about the openaccess article equivalence versus nonequivalence in economic translation in doaj.
The concept of equivalence has been considered as the essence of the translation process. For this, the different levels of equivalence are regarded, e. Translation involves the rendering of a source text message into the target text so as to ensure that the surface meaning of the two is approximately similar and the structures of the source language are preserved as closely as possible in the target text. A critical evaluation article pdf available in theory and practice in language studies 31. Grammatical equivalence in translating russian adjectives and adverbs into english 119 the purpose of this paper is to draw the attention of practicing translators interpreters and teachers of translation to the very important issue of forming students translation. For example, eissa al khotaba and khaled al tarawneh 2015 prepare a m. Equivalence in scientific and technical translation a textin. It is the most intelligent observation written on translation in the last 50 years.
Literal translation literal translation can be used when the languages share parallel structures and concepts. There are many possible problems of nonequivalence between two languages, here we will address a few that we think might be relevant to the type of translations youll be doing at dcs. Translation studiesscience has been a point of reference for germanspeaking. Classifying some of the adjustments to distinguish between translation types 4. Equivalence and translation strategies in multilingual. Equivalence in translation the nature of equivalence. So far, some of the relatively largescale effects of culture contacts on languages and on dialects within languages have been surveyed.
If confined to a written language, translation is a cover term with three distinguishable meanings. The concept of equivalence in translation studies the concept of equivalence, which has an important role in translation studies, is a broad concept. Equivalence refers to cases where languages describe the same. However, the process is hampered by nonequivalence, which. The following article deals with equivalence as a specific quality criterion concerning cross cultural research in psychology and provides an overview for this topic. Adequacy and equivalence in translation katharina reiss. The analysis revealed six different types of problem, which, moreover. Not all early theorists made the mistake of defining translation itself in terms of equivalence however. The fact that these texts and phrases are translated and recognized as acceptable translations is the empirical evidence to the legitimacy of nonequivalence in translation, a claim made by this paper. Formal correspondence it focuses attention on the message itself, in both of form and content. The comparability of constructs as well as of data is analyzed.
Nonetheless there are some theoretical not based on practical experience articles and studies that highlight certain problems in translation. Equivalence at word level in translation doina ivanov doina. Equivalence was a key word in the linguisticsbased translation theories of the 1960s and 1970s, although its basic mode of thought may be traced back to cicero and later to the renaissance. Project muse translational equivalence in a bilingual. Some problemsolving strategies this site uses cookies. Article pdf available in scandinavian journal of educational. Simpson, a photo was shown of backyard at night, with the killers footsteps visible in the moonlit dew. Equivalence in translation theories academy publication.
Translational equivalence sil glossary of linguistic terms. In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Equivalence is also central in the study of translation because it is closely linked to other important theoretical notions in translation studies. There are so many types and levels of equivalence, and the term equivalent itself is a standard polysemous english word, with the result that the precise sense in which translation equivalence is understood varies from writer to writer shuttleworth and cowie, 1999, p. Journal of king saud university languages and translation. A translation equivalent is a corresponding word or expression in another language. To argue for the necessity of translation equivalence, we should first clarify its features. Text normative equivalence is related to text types, with texts behaving. A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of hrqol.
The design of the type equivalence rules of a language is important, because it influences. This study entails the translation of scientific terms from english into northern sotho. I sometimes refer to language translation as the science of poetry. However, the definition offered by each author or theorist represets hisher own point of view and their views differ from each other. On describing similarity and measuring equivalence in. There are types of equivalence defined by nida, which are also called two basic orientations of translation.
A comparison of the english and vietnamese translation of romeo. This paper focuses on the bottom up approach of translation, on micro level, on meanings realized through wordings which make explicit the interpretation of the meaning of a. The concept of equivalence and the object of translation. Types of nonequivalence in the kikamba bible translation. Equivalence problems in translation nansy ahmad daoud mosleh alfaori translation department, yarmouk university, irbid, jordan equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Specific or partial, in terms of holmes theory of translation that deals with the regularities of translation characteristic of particular languages for example, translation from english into russian and vice versa. Equivalence is one of the procedures used in translation.
The relation is equal to is the canonical example of an equivalence relation, where for any objects a, b, and c. Types of translations this selection is a continuation of the piece above. The equivalence formed from two propositions p and q also may be defined by the statement p is a. Structural equivalence an overview sciencedirect topics. After examining types of equivalence as applied to the translation of poetry, the aim will be to identify that, because the two poems chosen for analysis are of different types, they require equivalence on. Equivalence and the translation and adaptation of health.
For more information view the sage journals sharing page. Type equivalence means that two types are equivalent if an operand of one type in an expression is substituted for one of the other type, without coercion. The english language draws a terminological distinction which does not exist in every language between translating a written text and interpreting oral or signed communication between users of different languages. Equivalence is a central yet controversial issue in translation studies equivalence is the relationship between a st and a tt that allows the tt to be. Structural equivalence has been widely used in studies of interorganizational relationships in the management field. Graduation thesis strategies to deal with nonequivalence. It is considered that equivalence is the most salient feature of a quality of translation nababan. Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site, while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used. Index termsequivalence, translation theories, sourcelanguage, target language. Pdf equivalence of translations in international reading literacy. Admittedly, i am the only person in the world who refers to.
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